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HORMONE-RELATED TUMORS IN TRANSSEXUALS RECEIVING TREATMENT WITH CROSS-SEX HORMONES

L Gooren, Endocrinology , VUmc, Amsterdam , 1081HV, Netherlands
A Mueller, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany

Correspondence: Louis Gooren, Email: louisjgooren{at}gmail.com

Abstract

Objective: to assess the risks of development of hormone-related tumours in transsexuals receiving treatment with cross-sex hormones

Design: description of cases of transsexuals who have developed a hormone-related malignancy observed in the own clinic or reported in the literature. Recommendations for early diagnosis and prevention are presented.

Methods. Review of the literature in Pubmed.

Results: in male-to-female transsexuals receiving estrogen administration lactotroph adenomas, breast cancer and prostate cancer have been reported. In female-to-male transsexuals receiving treatment with testosterone a single case of breast carcinoma and several cases of ovarian cancer have been reported. So far endometrial cancer has not been encountered though it remains a potential malignant development.

Conclusions: there are so far only a few cases of hormone-related cancer in transsexuals. There may be an underreporting. The probability of a hormone-related tumor increases with duration of exposure to cross-sex hormones and the aging of the population of transsexuals